Approximately 20% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have nasal polyps. In children, a study revealed a significantly high incidence (39.1%) of nasal polyps in those over the age of six. Read on to learn the causes, symptoms, risk factors and treatment options of nasal polyps in children.
What are Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps are soft, noncancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. They can vary in size and may occur singly or in clusters. Nasal polyps are typically teardrop-shaped and are often associated with chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. These growths can obstruct the nasal passages, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and a decreased sense of smell.
Common Causes of Nasal Polyps in Children
The exact cause of nasal polyps is not yet fully understood. However, they are commonly linked to underlying chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a condition that is rarely reported in childhood. Several factors contribute to their development. Chronic inflammation of the nasal passages, allergies, asthma, and cystic fibrosis are common underlying causes. Genetics may also play a role, with a family history of nasal polyps increasing the possible risk. Environmental irritants like dust, pollutants, or certain medications can exacerbate the condition in susceptible children.
Signs and Symptoms of Nasal Polyps in Children
The signs and symptoms of nasal polyps in children may include:
- Persistent nasal congestion
- Difficulty breathing through the nose
- Frequent sinus infections
- Reduced sense of taste or smell
These symptoms can vary in severity and should prompt a visit to an ENT (ear, nose and throat) specialist for proper diagnosis and management. If left unchecked, nasal polyps can potentially lead to complications like sleep apnea, facial pain, or even the worsening of asthma symptoms.
When to seek medical attention
If a child shows any of the mentioned symptoms or if you notice prolonged mouth breathing, loud breathing during sleep, or changes in voice, it is vital to consult a healthcare provider promptly. Early detection and intervention can help alleviate discomfort and prevent further complications associated with nasal polyps in children.
Treatment Options for Nasal Polyps
Medication and nasal sprays
Healthcare providers may initially recommend medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and shrink nasal polyps in children. Nasal sprays, antihistamines, or decongestants can also help alleviate symptoms like nasal congestion and runny nose. These treatment options aim to manage the condition and improve the child’s quality of life.
Surgical interventions
In cases where nasal polyps are large or do not respond to medication, surgical intervention may be necessary. Endoscopic sinus surgery can effectively remove polyps and improve nasal airflow. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia and aims to provide long-term relief for children suffering from recurrent or severe nasal polyps.
Home Care and Prevention
Tips for managing symptoms at home
Healthcare providers may advise children with nasal polyps to use saline nasal rinses or drops to help clear mucus and improve nasal congestion. Humidifiers can also be beneficial in keeping the air moist and reducing nasal irritation. Additionally, avoiding allergens or irritants that trigger symptoms, such as dust or pet dander, can aid in symptom management.
Preventive measures to reduce recurrence
To prevent the recurrence of nasal polyps, children should follow a nasal hygiene routine, including regular nasal irrigation. It is essential to attend follow-up appointments with healthcare providers for proper monitoring and early intervention if symptoms worsen. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke may also contribute to reducing the risk of nasal polyps.
SinusHealth promotes research, education, and advocacy for the care of sinusitis. If you suspect a bacterial sinus infection or any persistent symptoms related to your sinuses, consult with a board-certified specialist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.